TIMED TEXTUAL ANALYSIS-- Film <Seven> the first five minutes in the Assignment

TIMED TEXTUAL ANALYSIS-- Film the first five minutes in the beginning - Assignment Example This quiet, sombre setting implies that this man is lonely and unhappy. When the camera moves quickly to a shot of this mans reflection in a mirror as he fixes his tie, this sense of loneliness is echoed again and we also get an idea of other aspects of his personality and life, namely, that he is a professional and that he is extremely orderly. He appears to be very well groomed and is adjusting his tie with detailed precision. It appears as though he is a professional and has an important job. Props are used strategically, as the camera quickly cuts to a stand where a line of objects is lain in a neat row. The neatness and organisation of these objects and of his bedroom has meaning, as they suggest this character is extremely tidy, efficient and orderly, and implies it may be reflected in his personality in other ways. The items includes a pen, professional badge and a knife, which suggests he works in law enforcement. We then see him go to his bed, which is made up perfectly, not unlike a hotel, very meticulous. The way in which so much information is given away here despite the character have no interaction with others and doing mundane activities, is an effective way to highlight the loneliness and sense of order and presentation the character possesses. Costume is also used to convey meaning. When we first see the protagonist, he is wearing a white shirt, a symbol that he is a good man. His suit also suggests that he is an important person in the society. The next scene is cut to extremely quickly and we are met with a very disturbing image which contrasts starkly with what we have previously seen. The quickness of the transition allows no time for the viewer to adjust and it seems a slight shock factor is used in the suddenness of this. The scene is of a dead, overweight man lying in a pool of blood. The scene is dark, dimly lit and appears quite grisly, suggesting malice. The dead body indicates that we are

In Nursing, Communication Is Essential

In Nursing, Communication Is Essential Communication involves the exchange of messages and is a process which all individuals participate in. Whether it is through spoken word, written word, non-verbal means or even silence, messages are constantly being exchanged between individuals or groups of people (Bach Grant 2009). All behaviour has a message and communication is a process which individuals cannot avoid being involved with (Ellis et al 1995). In nursing practice, communication is essential, and good communication skills are paramount in the development of a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship. This aim of this essay is to discuss the importance of communication in nursing, demonstrating how effective communication facilitates a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship. This will be achieved by providing a definition of communication, making reference to models of communication and explaining how different types of communication skills can be used in practise. In order to engage in meaningful communication and develop effective communication skills, nurses must engage in the process of reflecting on how communication skills are utilised in practise. Reflection allows the nurse opportunity to gain a deeper insight into personal strengths and weaknesses and to address any areas of concern in order to improve future practise (Taylor 2001). A further aim will be to reflect on how communication skills have been utilised within nursing practise. Various models of reflection will be examined, and a reflective account of a personal experience which occurred during placement will be provided using a model. This reflective account will involve a description the incident, an analysis of thoughts and feelings and an evaluation of what has occurred. Finally, the reflective account will include an action plan for a similar situation, which may arise, in the future. Communication involves information being sent, received and decoded between two or more people (Balzer-Riley 2008) and involves the use of a number of communication skills; which in a nursing context generally focuses on listening and giving information to patients (Weller 2002). This process of sending and receiving messages has been described as both simple and complex (Rosengren 2000 in McCabe 2006, p.4). It is a process which is continually utilised by nurses to convey and receive information from the patient, co-workers, others they come into contact with and the patients family. Models of Communication. The Linear Model is the simplest form of communication and involves messages being sent and received by two or more people (McCabe 2006). Whilst this model demonstrates how communication occurs in its simplest form, it fails to consider other factors impacting on the process. Communication in nursing practice can be complicated, involving the conveyance of large amounts of information, for example, when providing patients with information relating to their care and treatment or when offering health promotion advice. In contrast, the Circular Transactional Model is a two way approach, acknowledging other factors, which influence communication such as feedback and validation (McCabe 2006). Elements of this model are also contained in Hargie and Dickinsons (2004) A Skill Model of Interpersonal Communication which suggests that successful communication is focused, purposeful and identifies the following skills; person centred context, goal, mediating process, response, feedback and perception. It also considers other aspects of the individual and the influence these may have on their approach to the process of communication (McCabe 2006). For communication to be effective it is important for the nurse to recognise key components, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which may affect the process (McCabe 2006). They must consider factors such as past personal experiences, personal perceptions, timing and the setting in which communication occurs. Physical, physiological, psychological and semantic noise may also influence the message, resulting in misinterpreted by the receiver (McCabe 2006). Communication skills. Communication consists of verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication relates to the spoken word and can be conducted face-to-face or over the telephone (Docherty McCallum 2009). Nurses continually communicate with patients; verbal communication allows the nurse opportunity to give information to the patient about their care or treatment, to reassure the patient and to listen and respond to any concerns the patient may have (NMC 2008). Effective communication is beneficial to the patient in terms of their satisfaction and understanding, of care and treatment they have been given (Arnold Boggs 2007), while at the same time optimising the outcomes or care and/or treatment for the patient (Kennedy- Sheldon 2009). Questioning allows the nurse to gather further information and open or closed questions can be used. Closed questions usually require a yes or no response and are used to gather the necessary information, whereas open questions allow the patient, opportunity to play an active role and to discuss and agree options relating to their care as set out in the Healthcare Standards for Wales document (2005). Probing questions can be used to explore the patients problems further thus allowing the nurse to treat the patient as an individual and develop a care plan specific to their individual needs (NMC 2008). It is vital that the nurse communicates effectively, sharing information with the patient about their health in an understandable way to ensure the patient is fully informed about their care and treatment and that consent is gained prior to this occurring (NMC 2008). The nurse should also listen to the patient and respond to their concerns and preferences about their care and well-being (NMC 2008). In nursing, listening is an essential skill and incorporates attending and listening (Burnard Gill 2007). Attending; fully focusing on the other person and being aware of what they are trying to communicate and listening; the process of hearing what is being said by another person are the most important aspects of being a nurse (Burnard 1997). Non-verbal communication is a major factor in communication, involving exchange of messages without words. It relates to emotional states and attitudes and the conveyance of messages through body language; body language has seven elements; gesture, facial expressions, gaze, posture, body space and proximity, touch and dress (Ellis et al 1995). Each of these elements can reinforce the spoken word and add meaning to the message; it isnt about what you say or how you say it but it also relates to what your body is doing while you are speaking (Oberg 2003). Patients often read cues from the nurses non-verbal behaviour, which can indicate interest or disinterest. Attentiveness and attention to the patient can be achieved through SOLER: S sit squarely, O Open posture, L learn towards the patient, E eye contact, R relax (Egan 2002). There must be congruency between verbal and non verbal messages for effective communication to be achieved. Non-verbal communication can contradict the spoken word and the ability to recognise these non-verbal cues is vitally important in nursing practice (McCabe 2006), for example, a patient may verbally communicate that they are not in pain, but their non-verbal communication such as facial expression may indicate otherwise. It is also important for the nurse to be aware of the congruency of their verbal and non-verbal communication. Any discrepancies between the two will have a direct influence on the message they are giving to patients, and may jeopardise the nurse/patient relationship. Other factors may affect communication in a negative way, endangering the process, and nurses must be aware of internal and external barriers (Schubert 2003). Lack of interest, poor listening skills, culture and the personal attitude are internal factors, which may affect the process. External barriers such as the physical environment, temperature, the use of jargon and/or technical words can also negatively influence the process (Schubert 2003). Reflection. To fully assess the development of communication skills the nurse can make use of reflection to gain a better insight and understanding of their skills (Siviter 2008). Reflection can also be used to apply theoretical knowledge to practice, thus bridging the gap between theory and practice (Burns Bulman 2000) and allows us opportunity, to develop a better insight and awareness of our actions both conscious and unconscious in the situation. Reflecting on events that take place in practice, allows opportunity not only to think about what we do, but also to consider why we do things. This helps us to learn from the experience and improve our future nursing practice (Siviter 2008). Reflection can be described as either reflection in action; occurring during the event, or reflection on action; which happens after the event has occurred (Taylor 2001) and is guided by a model, which serves as a framework within, which the nurse is able to work. It is usually a written process, and the use o f a reflective model uses questions to provide a structure and guide for the process (Siviter 2008). Reflective Models. There are numerous reflective models that may be utilised by the nursing professional, for example, Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), Johns Model of Structured Reflection (1994) and Driscolls Model of Reflection (2002). Gibbs model (Appendix I) has a cyclical approach, consisting of six stages per cycle that guide the user through a series of questions, providing a structure for reflection on an experience. The first stage of the process is a descriptive account of the situation; what happened? Followed by an analysis of thoughts and feelings in the second stage; what were your thoughts and feelings? The third and fourth stages involve an evaluation of the situation, what was good and/or bad about the experience and an analysis allowing us to make sense of the situation. The last two stages are the conclusion of the situation, what else could have been done and finally an action plan to prepare for similar situations, which may arise in the future (Gibbs 1988). Similarly to Gibbs Reflective Cycle, Johns Model of Structured Reflection (Appendix II) and Driscolls (Appendix III) model of reflection promote learning through reflection. They have similar structures, which guide the user through the reflective process. Johns Model incorporates four stages; description, reflection, alternative actions and learning (Johns 1994) and Discolls model has three stages: a return to the situation, understanding the context and modifying future outcome (Discoll 2002). The three models described all have similarities in that the user is guided through the reflective process by describing the event, analysing their thoughts, feelings and actions and making plans for future practice. Considering the models of reflection described, the next component of this essay will make use of the Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1998) to provide a reflective account of a situation which I experienced during clinical placement in a community setting. Reflective Account. As part of this placement, I assisted my mentor, a health visitor, in the provision of a baby club for parents with babies and pre-school children, which takes place on a weekly basis and involves routine checks, such as baby-weighing, in addition to opportunity, for parents to socialise and opportunity for health visitors to provide information relating to the care and health of babies and children. During the second week of this placement, I was asked to assist in the delivery of a forthcoming health promotion session relating to dental health. I have chosen this event as a basis for my reflective account as I feel that health promotion is an important area to consider. It enables individuals to play a pivotal role in their own health (Webster and Finch 2002 in Scriven 2005) and is a means by which positive health can be promoted and enhanced alongside the prevention of illness (Downie et al 2000). It gives clients the knowledge to make informed decisions about their health and prevention of illness and is an area in which the nurse or healthcare professional plays a key role (WHO 1989). Description of the event. The event occurred during a weekly session at baby club that takes place in a community centre. My mentor (Health Visitor) and I were present along with a group of ten mothers and their babies. As this event took place during a group session, I will maintain confidentiality (NMC 2008) by not referring to any one individual. Consent was gained from all clients prior to the session commencing, in line with the NMC Code of Conduct (2008) and the environment was checked to ensure it was appropriate and safe for the session to take place. The aim of the session was to promote good dental health and oral hygiene amongst children and babies. Standard 1 of the Standards of Care for Health Visitors (RCN 1989) is to promote health, and the session aimed to provide clients with relevant, up-to-date information, thus allowing them to make informed choices about the future care of their childrens teeth. Chairs were set out in a semi-circle with a number of play mats and various baby toys placed in the centre. This allowed parents opportunity to interact in the session, to listen to the information and ask questions while at the same time being in close enough proximity to their children to respond to their needs. The Health Visitor and I sat at the front of the semi circle facing the group. I reintroduced myself to the group and gave a brief explanation of my role and the part I would play in the session. This was important; some of the clients were meeting me for the first time, and it is during this initial contact that jud gements are made about future interactions, and the service being provided. Positive initial interaction can provide a good foundation for a future beneficial relationship (Scriven 2005). The session was broken down into two parts: information giving, focusing on the promotion of dental health and prevention of illness in the form of tooth decay (Robotham and Frost 2005). Secondly, information relating to tooth brushing was given along with a demonstration undertaken by myself that showed the clients good oral hygiene could be achieved through effective tooth brushing. A question and answer session followed which allowed us to clarify any issues raised. Feelings and thoughts. In the week, preceding the session it was important for me to consider a systematic approach to the planning of the session. The first stage was to gather relevant, up-to-date information relating to the subject and plan how it could be incorporated in the session. The NMC Standards of Proficiency (2004a) states that nurses must engage in a continual process of learning and that evidence-based practice should be used (Bach and Grant 2009). The plan was discussed with my mentor and advice was sought about any adjustments which may be necessary. Prior to the session, I was apprehensive about delivering a health promotion session to clients (patients). I as I felt out of my depth as a first year student and my anxiety was exacerbated further as this was my first placement. However, support and encouragement from my mentor and other health visitors in the team helped me to relax. I was given the opportunity to discuss the topic with my mentor and was relieved when I was able to respond to any questions asked in an appropriate manner and that my knowledge had been increased through the research I had undertaken, thus boosting my confidence. Evaluation. Despite my initial reservation about my knowledge of the subject and apprehension at delivering a health promotion session, I feel that my mentors decision to include me in the delivery of the session benefitted me greatly in the development of my knowledge and self confidence. During the session, I feel that I communicated well verbally with clients and that my non-verbal communication was appropriate and corresponded to what I was saying. The clients were focused on the session and seemed genuinely interested, nodding when they understood and showed attentiveness by making regular eye contact. Feedback from clients after the session also allowed me to reflect on my communication; one of the clients stated afterwards that she had gained a lot from the session particularly the demonstration relating to tooth brushing and was now more aware of the importance of early oral hygiene to prevent problems later in the childs life. Analysis. Dental Health is a key Health Promotion target in Wales and is the most prevalent form of disease amongst children in Wales. Many of the participants were unaware of when and how childrens teeth should be cared for and the importance of ensuring good oral hygiene from an early age. The aim of the session was to provide information to parents as a means of promoting good oral hygiene and prevention of tooth decay in babies and young children. In order for the aim to be achieved, communication was a key element. Effective communication in a group can only be achieved if there is trust, participation, co-operation and collaboration among its members and the belief that they as a group are able to perform effectively as a group (Balzer-Riley 2008). The information was provided in a way that was easily understandable, a demonstration of how teeth should be brushed was given, and time was allowed for the clients time to ask questions. Communication and listening skills allowed us to discov er what knowledge the clients already had, and enabled us to adjust the information to meet the needs of the clients. Throughout the session, I was aware of my non-verbal communication and attempted to show attentiveness to individuals in the group, using the principles of SOLER I made the necessary adjustments. At times, this proved difficult as trying to lean towards the clients and maintain eye contact with each individual was not possible in a group situation. My anxiety about delivering the session was also an area which I had some concerns with. Nervousness can have an influence on how a message is delivered, and I was constantly aware of my verbal communication, particularly my paralanguage. I have a tendency to speak at an accelerated rate when I am nervous, and was aware that this may influence the way in which the message was being received. It is important to be aware of paralanguage in which the meaning of a word or phrase can change depending on tone, pitch or the rate at which the word(s) is spoken. Paralanguage may also include vocal sounds which may accompany speech and which can add meaning to the words being spoken (Hartley 1999). Throughout the session, I was aware of my verbal and non-verbal communication, and I tried to ensure that it corresponded to the information being given; I was also aware of non-verbal communication of the participants and made appropriate adjustments to my delivery when needed Conclusion. After the session had finished, I was given an opportunity to discuss it with my mentor. I was able to articulate what I felt had gone well, what hadnt gone quite as well and what could be improved. I noted that I was very nervous about delivering the session despite having the knowledge and understanding of the subject and felt that this may have been noticed by the participants. However, feedback from my mentor allowed me to realise that my nervousness was not apparent in my delivery. By undertaking this reflection, I have been able to question the experience and analyse my actions and behaviour, as a means of developing my knowledge for future practice Action plan. This session has helped with my learning and personal development and I now feel more confident in my ability to deliver health promotion activities in a group setting. I am, however, aware that speaking in a group setting is not an area I am very comfortable with but further practice will help alleviate this. I am confident that I will be able to use the knowledge gained on the subject of dental health in my future placements. In the future, I will repeat the process of thorough research, as it is best practice to keep knowledge up-to-date in order to provide care based on evidence (NMC 2008). Summary. In summary, communication is a complex process and an essential skill which the nurse must be aware of in every aspect, of care and treatment they give to patients. A full awareness of not only the spoken word, but also the influence non-verbal communication has on the messages being communicated, is essential in the development of a therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient. The process of reflecting upon practice is also an essential element of knowledge development. After consideration of a number of reflective frameworks, the use of Gibbs Reflective Cycle as a structure for creating a reflective account has proven to be beneficial in the exploration of personal thoughts and feelings in relation to a specified event and I recognise the importance of reflection as a learning tool that can enhance knowledge and practice.

History of New York Skyscrapers :: essays research papers fc

History of New York Skyscrapers The World Building – 1890 The World Building (also know as the Pulitzer Building) was originally owned by Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the New York World. Its architect was George B. Post and construction began October 10th, 1889. It was opened on December 10th, 1890, and was the first building in New York to surpass the 284 feet. The New York World Building was the tallest of several high-rise structures built for major newspapers in the late 19th century. The number of stories is disputed; estimates range from the 26 stories claimed by the World to the 16 or 18 suggested by recent scholars. The World Building was 309 feet tall and was demolished in 1955 for the expanded automobile entrance to the Brooklyn Bridge. Manhattan Life Insurance Co. Building 1894 The Manhattan Life Insurance Company Building was constructed in 1893 and was opened in 1894. In 1892 the Manhattan Life Insurance Company held a competition for its headquarters, selecting architects Kimball and Thompson as the winners. The structure was intended to be the tallest in New York. The building featured a few engineering firsts designed by engineer Charles Sooysmith. The interior was heated and cooled through one of the first uses of electric ventilation. Manhattan Life was demolished in 1930 to make way for the Irving Trust Bank’s headquarters, the masterpiece One Wall Street. St. Paul Building – 1898 This building was named after the historic St. Paul's Chapel located across the street. The St. Paul Building was constructed in 1895 and was 315 feet (96 meters) tall. The building was opened in1898 and its General contractor was Robinson & Wallace. The St Paul Building was called by one critic of the time "perhaps the least attractive design of all New York's skyscrapers." The Park Row – 1899 Building originally owned by William Mills Ivins, the head of investment syndicate. The building was constructed in 1896 and took three years to complete. The building is 386 feet (118 meters) tall and its architect is R.H. Robertson. The building is 30 stories tall, the interior could accommodate up to 1,000 offices, and its engineer was Nathaniel Roberts. The Park Row Building still stands today facing City Hall Park in lower Manhattan. Singer Building – 1908 The Singer building was construced in 1906 and opened in 1908. The first design by architect Ernest Flagg was a thirty-five story tower, but the company soon decided to nearly double that height with a tower of almost 600 feet.

Is Sharing Caring or Not Essay

Want to wear Gucci for a day? or maybe own a Ferrari for a week? Wondering how? Just like how you rent DVDs with a slight modern touch to it, mobile technology(you should have seen this coming) Can’t believe it? The future beholds us the sharing economy. What is the sharing economy? BBC defines it as â€Å"Everything from cars, central city parking spaces and designer clothes to accommodation are available from individuals and companies that are making billions from providing easy access to what people need in a difficult economy. However let me make one aspect very clear, this isn’t just all related to saving money (I know it is surprising in a money minded world like ours. ) Apart from helping people live in unstable economic conditions, some of those already using such an economic structure are utilizing it to conserve resources and save the planet. It will help you feel like a â€Å"better† person by saving the community taking simple small steps. You don’t want to own all those fancy electronic equipment in your households and not use it. Simply, hire one when you need it! In this technological age where you don’t know what to expect tomorrow (maybe your mobile generating a visual image in the air, it is very likely that â€Å"tomorrow† might apply in the literal sense here) you can use the sharing economy with transactions that can be made quickly through a cell phone app or a web site. This is very convenient and accessible at the same time. Wait a minute†¦ This looks too good to be true. Wondering what the drawback is? 2012 looked galaxies away for retail outlets in the world. However now, it looks like the doomsday for massive retail outlets is closing by. In simple words, the end of consumerism. If consumers can hire almost anything they want what will happen to retailers, what can they sell? It is obvious that this won’t be seen as a rapid change, but the effects can definitely be seen in the long term. Here is a fun fact,†Researchers say that we only use our cars eight per cent of the time and we spend billions on the space where we store stuff that we almost never use, such as power tools. They also say the sharing economy is expected to be worth $110 billion within the next few years. â€Å"No Pain. No Gain. † Consumers can get items for cheaper exactly when they require it conveniently, but lose jobs at the same time. It is time for every company to gear up, hire IT wizards, and make their e-commerce absolutely world class. The day you want to ride that Bentley or rent the finest villa for a day to spend with your family isn’t far.

How Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay

Science is the most important tool in the progression and maturation of society and its values. Both Mary Shelly and Ridley Scott create characters pushing the boundaries of scientific exploration and understanding and in doing so they reveal flaws and shortcomings in the upheld values of the time. The narratives of Frankenstein and Blade Runner are linked strongly to their context with important messages or warnings within them. At the time of Shelly’s writing the ‘Age of Enlightenment’ was coming to an end, after years of threatening nature with its unrelenting attitude toward scientific endeavour at any cost. Scott addresses the dangers of globalised consumerism which brings as much bad as it does good, in Blade Runner its spread and influence has a strangle hold on Earth. The Industrial Revolution, borne from Enlightenment ideology saw a fast progression in production technology; this meant that more things could be made faster. These improvements saw for the first time in history, sustained growth in incomes and population, however the cost of the period fell entirely on the environment. The Enlightenment values left no room for consideration of the negative effects it was having on nature; destruction of habitat through logging and mining, waterway and air pollution, the conquest and victory of man over his environment was all that was important. In Frankenstein, Shelly created the creature to reveal the true effects. Victor Frankenstein’s creature was horrific; its own father could not bear to look upon it, â€Å"its unearthly ugliness rendered it almost too ugly for human eyes†. Frankenstein, in his scientific endeavours had created the Industrial Revolution’s ugly child – put on show by Shelly to demonstrate the undesirable and harmful effects of the Industrial Revolution. The creature can be seen as a metaphor for the reality of the Industrial Revolution, and its repulsive form shows its true cost, in doing so challenges its benefits. In Blade Runner Tyrell has created the Replicants as moneymaking products purely for commerce. He tells Deckard, â€Å"Commerce is our goal here at Tyrell†, and through this model he has accrued unquestionable global power through technological advances. The ‘life’ Tyrell has created in the Replicants is turned into a commodity, this is accepted by society in Ridley Scott’s dystopian world of globalisation and greedy pursuit of profit. This world Scott has created is the epitome of fears in the 1970s and 80s of consumerism and what it could change the world into. Tyrell embodies the worst extreme of consumerism, where everything is seen as a potential source of money and power; the viewer is introduced to this consumerism-worst-case-scenario in the opening scene. Hellish flames rise out of heavy industry factories and low diegetic music that jars and screeches creating in an uneasy and uncomfortable atmosphere for the viewer, intended highlight the bad place that this future world is. The central values of this new world act to highlight to the emerging problems in the 1980s world Scott was living in. The Enlightenment Era saw the relentless pursuit of science and knowledge, exploration and conquest, which is reflected perfectly in two characters – Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton. Both are in the forefront of their disciplines, both are pushing the boundaries and both are forced to end their pursuits to save their own lives. The change in attitude they experience is due to the realisation that their values and reasoning are incorrect and if continued will damage themselves and the people around them. It can be argued that Frankenstein does not actually change his views, however he is forced to concede his mission as the ship he is on returns home, i. e. the times are changing him. This is a direct parallel with the shift in societal values that was occurring around the time of Shelly’s writing, and it can be argued that this text played a role in influencing that change. Enlightenment gave way to Romanticism due to the realisation of its destructive power, and the damage it had been causing as it progressed. Walton, an explorer with sights set firmly on finding a North-West passage for the purpose of personal fame, glory and immortalising his name. Exploration for the sake of exploration – a mission destined to fail, because there was no real need, no purpose and lack of emotion attached to it. Victor was successful in his mission; ‘to create life’, which he did with reason, rationality and a scientific mind, the perfect Enlightenment scientist. However his process was void of any emotion. He worked alone, long hours and lack of human companionship induced a craze in which he blindly worked until he was finished, upon completion he saw the horror that he had created and it did nothing but bring misery to his life from then on. The Enlightenment Era values lacking in emotion failed and gave way to Romanticism, which was fundamentally based on strong feelings and irrational emotion as society recognised their importance. Both characters had goals; their processes of reaching them were flawed by the lack of emotion and as a result, ultimately failed. In this way these characters challenge the values of their context. Scott, through the character Eldon Tyrell and Roy Batty shows the importance of maintaining the best qualities of humanity and to loose them would be at the peril of the human race. Pursuit of science without remorse is common to both texts and in Blade Runner it is shown in Tyrell, who is portrayed as removed from reality because of his work. He has very limited human interaction as he has surrounded himself with Replicants who serve him although he shows no attachment to them. Scott shows through Tyrell that with the overtaking of technology and without relationships, humanity is lost. Roy Batty, a Replicant, rises from being a robot to becoming human in a display of supreme compassion and forgiveness when he saves Deckard from falling off a building. In this, the climactic scene of the film, Roy turns from a savage animal, howling and wiping blood across his face into the hero of the story. The chase ends as Deckard is left clinging on to the side of a building, and Roy chooses to catch him as he falls and pull him to safety. For this act, in the eyes of the viewer he ‘achieves’ human status. This notion is backed up by the soft lighting illuminating his face accompanied by a soundtrack of peaceful diegetic music. Also, the on screen subversion of Roy and Deckard’s apparent humanity, camera shots cut between a high angle close up shot looking down on Deckard and a low angle close up looking up at the angelic Roy, firmly placing Roy as better than Deckard. In these two individuals Scott shows importance of the key human qualities of compassion and forgiveness. In Scott’s context these values were becoming increasingly important as nuclear weapons were being added to he arsenal of many countries and the alarming amount of the destruction and devastation they could bring in the hands of a remorseless and uncompassionate leader. Tyrell embodies the values of society at the time, driven by consumerism and greed, and reveals their flaws contrary to Roy, who as a Replicant is seen as lower than human, however, he challenges this and proves it to be incorrect. The rational processes that are integral to the Enlightenment values, are demonstrated most clearly when Victor is putting together his creature. But, it is these processes that clearly show flaws in their own philosophy. As an Enlightenment Era scientist, Victor has all of nature at his disposal, to experiment and conduct tests on however he likes. His deeds show this; the torture of animals in order to discover the â€Å"inner workings of the natural world†, without remorse he digs up countless corpses in the night in search of ‘perfect’ body parts to put together and form his creature. The problems in this approach to science are evident in the cruelty and horrific acts that its moral code condones. These acts have been committed without emotional or human attachment, values that are fundamental in Romantic ideals. In describing these events and directly attributing them to Enlightenment ways, Shelly describes the realisation society is coming to that its values must change. In staying true to the scientific values of the time, Frankenstein exposes their flaws and as a result unwittingly challenges them. A collective character in Blade Runner are the Replicants, as synthetic humans they display similar character traits and can be seen as one ‘race’. The science and technology behind the Replicants has advanced to the point where they have been created as sentient beings, the newest models even have their own manufactured memories. However, giving them their own rational thought has brought danger. They became aware of their exploitation and on the new world we hear of a ‘bloody revolution’ where Replicants had tried to gain independence, resulting in loss of human and Replicant life on a large scale. The technology inside the Replicants and its development had been allowed to progress unchecked to the stage where it caused harm to the human race. In this way Scott is highlighting the possible dangers of allowing boundaries of science to be pushed without fully understanding the effect it will have on the environment, animals or the human population. This reflects the contextual fears brought about by the recent 3 Mile Island nuclear accident. Here nuclear power draws a parallel with the Replicants – progressing from assisting humans to harming them. In this way Blade Runner can be seen as a cautionary tale warning of the dangers of allowing science to progress faster than human understanding of its true capabilities. As a character, the Replicants are the epitome of scientific progress pushed passed its breaking point, bringing bloodshed and loss of life. Their ‘Bloody Revolution’ is the ultimate challenge of the values in the 2019 world Scott has created. Both Mary Shelly and Ridley Scott create characters that reflect the values of their contexts and also characters that embody new and changing ideals, these characters and their actions work to highlight a problem with societal values or to show the good in them. Both texts have a strong science base, Victor at the forefront of medical technology and Tyrell at the forefront of robotics and synthetic life, this allows them to push boundaries and create situations where the authors can ask questions of, reveal problems with and challenge societies’ values. As science and technology progresses, so will the need for humanity to evolve to incorporate it into daily life. Blade Runner and Frankenstein show the importance of maintaining a strong sense of humanity, in all of its imperfect forms, as societies and worldviews adapt and develop alongside technology.

PunchDub Campaign Evaluation Essays

PunchDub Campaign Evaluation Essays PunchDub Campaign Evaluation Essay PunchDub Campaign Evaluation Essay Evaluate the PunchDub campaign that the Deutsch LA agency developed when it took over the Volkswagen of America account. Discuss the pros and cons of the campaign and assess the way it was implemented by the agency. After reading the article on Volkswagen Punch Dub campaign that the Deutsch LA agency created. The primary goal of the Punch Hub campaign developed by Deutsch LA was to raise awareness of the Volkswagen product line in North American market.However, one of the challenges VW faces is that consumers know the VW brand but are not buying the company’s cars as awareness is very high. The Punch Hub campaign was designed to address this problem and make consumers aware of the other vehicles in the VW product line such as the Passat, Golf and GTI. They built this campaign around the classic Punch Buggy (or Slug Bug) game. The Deutsch LA reached a market through IMC which was a TV commercial doing the 2010 Super Bowl.The advertisement tapped into every generation that watched the 2010 Super Bowl. I didn’t see to many cons in its campaign the only con was made online by VM competitors. The Punch Dub campaign accomplished what it was trying to achieve, to reach a new market and get its other brand of cars known to the world, with the commercial and VW dealers and the online media. The Punch Hub campaign was implemented by using variety of IMC tools and was a very good way to address the VW market in facing of low awareness for many vehicles in its product line.One limitation that might be noted is that of whether consumer would actually take the time to become e ngaged with the online campaign and play the PunchDub game. Consumers who did not do so would not learn more about the VW product line and one might argue that the IMC program would have been more effective if the monies had been spent by promoting the entire product line more directly. However, this would have been very expensive and may not have been as engaging and effective as the PunchDub campaign.

9 Great Excuses for Missing Work

9 Great Excuses for Missing Work There are tons of valid excuses  for missing work. But it’s not foolproof†¦there are also tons of reasons that are totally not valid, and will likely earn you a trip to the professional dog house. 1. Valid excuse: You’re sick.Invalid excuse: You’re sick with a fever whose only cure is more cowbell.2. Valid excuse: There’s been a death in your family.Invalid excuse: There’s been a death on your favorite TV show.3. Valid excuse: You’re having a personal emergency.Invalid excuse: You’re having a fashion emergency.4. Valid excuse: You fell and injured yourself.Invalid excuse: †¦Running for the ice cream truck. (Just leave that part out.)5. Valid excuse: You’re celebrating a religious holiday.Invalid excuse: Your â€Å"religious holiday† is corroborated only by a weirdly sparse Wiki page that was updated last by someone with your usual screen name.6. Valid excuse: You’re having a childcare crunch.Invalid exc use: You’re having drama because you’re out of Cap’n Crunch.7. Valid excuse: You’re getting married.Invalid excuse: A royal is marrying that beautiful commoner who totally could have been you if only you’d been able to afford that spring break in Luxembourg.8. Valid excuse: The weather is bad, and so are the roads you’d be commuting on.Invalid excuse: Your psychic told you it might snow this afternoon. (And it’s June.)9. Valid excuse: You need a mental health day.Invalid excuse: Your pet needs you at home while he works through some personal issues.

Thirty Years War Battle of Rocroi

Thirty Years' War Battle of Rocroi In early 1643, the Spanish launched an invasion of northern France with the goal of relieving pressure on Catalonia and Franche-Comtà ©. Led by General Francisco de Melo, the mixed army of Spanish and Imperial troops crossed the border from Flanders and moved through the Ardennes. Arriving at the fortified town of Rocroi, de Melo laid siege. In an effort to block the Spanish advance, the 21-year old Duc de dEnghien (later the Prince of Conde), moved north with 23,000 men. Receiving word that de Melo was at Rocroi, dEnghien moved to attack before the Spanish could be reinforced. Summary Approaching Rocroi, dEnghien was surprised to find that the roads to the town were not defended. Moving through a narrow defile flanked by woods and marsh, he deployed his army on a ridge overlooking the town with his infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks. Seeing the French nearing, de Melo formed up his army in a similar fashion between the ridge and Rocroi. After camping overnight in their positions, the battle began early on the morning of May 19, 1643. Moving to strike the first blow, dEnghien advanced his infantry and the cavalry on his right. As the fighting began, the Spanish infantry, fighting in their traditional tercio (square) formations gained the upper hand. On the French left, the cavalry, despite dEnghiens orders to hold their position charged forward. Slowed by soft, marshy ground, the French cavalrys charge was defeated by the German cavalry of Grafen von Isenburg. Counterattacking, Isenburg was able to drive the French horsemen from the field and then moved to assault the French infantry. This strike was blunted by the French infantry reserve which moved forward to meet the Germans. While the battle was going poorly on the left and center, dEnghien was able to achieve success on the right. Pushing Jean de Gassions cavalry forward, with support from musketeers, dEnghien was able to rout the opposing Spanish cavalry. With the Spanish horsemen swept from the field, dEnghien wheeled Gassions cavalry around and had them strike the flank and rear of de Melos infantry. Charging into the ranks of German and Walloon infantry, Gassions men were able to force them to retreat. As Gassion was attacking, the infantry reserve was able to break Isenburgs assault, compelling him to retire. Having gained the upper hand, by 8:00 AM dEnghien was able to reduce de Melos army to its vaunted Spanish tercios. Surrounding the Spanish, dEnghien pummeled them with artillery and launched four cavalry charges but was unable to break their formation. Two hours later, dEnghien offered the remaining Spanish terms of surrender similar to those given to a besieged garrison. These were accepted and the Spanish were permitted to depart the field with their colors and weapons. Aftermath The Battle of Rocroi cost dEnghien around 4,000 dead and wounded. Spanish losses were much higher with 7,000 dead and wounded as well as 8,000 captured. The French victory at Rocroi marked the first time the Spanish had been defeated in a major land battle in nearly a century. Though they had failed to crack, the battle also marked the beginning of the end for the Spanish tercio as a favored fighting formation. After Rocroi and the Battle of the Dunes (1658), armies began shifting to more linear formations. Selected Sources: The French Phase of the Thirty Years WarFrance and the Thirty Years War

Project Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Statistics Project Example That is, an increase in Qatar’s GDP by one unit will increase the value of Qatar’s exports by 4268.572. An increase importing country’s GDP by one unit will increase the value of Qatar’s value of exports by 294.0738. On the other hand, an increase in distance by one unit will increase the value of export by 20763.51. from the analysis above, it is clear that distance is the greatest contributor of value of exports. The GDP of Qatar was valued at $192,390,104,345 billion in 2012. The Gross Domestic Product value of Qatar represents 0.30% of the world’s economy. Between the years 1970 and 2012, Qatar’s GDP was averaged at $27.03 Billion reaching an all-time high of $192,390,104,345 billion in 2012 and low of $0.30 in 1970. The World Bank is the principal reporter of Qatar’s GDP. To understand the link between real GDP and the imports of cereals in Qatar, it is important to examine the indicators of international trade. It is important to note that the distance from the location of a commodity will affect the costs of obtaining the same commodity. It is therefore prudent to obtain the commodity at a market that will not increase the prices of the goods. The volume of international trade will depend majorly on the GDP of a nation. This implies that productivity and consumption level of an economy are directly linked. An increase in the production limits in a country will resul t in a proportional increase in real GDP of that country and

Ethics Related Information Management System Essay

Ethics Related Information Management System - Essay Example It is paramount to understand, manage and maintain highly diverse values in the school operation so as to the issues of ethics highly accessible and understandable for all. Much of contemporary literature concerning information management ethics is not directed toward the actual benefits of managers and leaders of the school institution (the people who are primarily responsible ethic management in the school community), but it is a domain for all parties involved both managers and students. Lack of primary information is not the mistake of the academics, social critics or philosophers, (Bynum and Rogerson). This challenge is the result of insufficient involvement managers and leaders in the literature and discussion about school ethics. All the leaders and managers school must participate to assist address the ethical issues. The socialization process and the environment to which learners and the entire school community are exposed remain critical factors that determine the character building and academic success. Every school environment critically contributes to the information system of the school and the general shaping of the ethical values of both the student and teachers before joining the labour market. Effectiveness of ethics and its contribution help in shaping the moral values of the school community. Ethics deal with the people’s moral actions. Mainly school ethics apply to teachers, students, the school board and administrators. In each case, a conduct of conduct is established form within the school institution, via the professional, organization. This code of ethics provides ethical standards that regulate the behavior of the people associated with and how they are supposed to relate with others in the decision-making process and working. It also helps in management of the information system of school. Ethical codes outline the outcomes for the parties that do not follow the school ethic policies concerning the handling of the school vital information, examinations, school records and other relevant information. The ethics are designed to develop an atmosphere of honesty, exemplary citizenship and trust in relation to students the ethics are based on student showing respect for the administrators, teachers, parents, school non-teaching staff and other students. In addition, the ethics require that students should respect the program of the school, facilities and the school information, as well. Ethics guard about plagiarism among the students, they are required by law to submit for marking their own unique work and be ready to face the consequences and punishment such as expulsion, suspension or other related administrative actions if they plagiarize their work. Administrators and teachers are ethically guided through the institutional and professional, ethical codes. The law demands them to establish a learning atmosphere that promotes high ethical standards for learners through instruction and modeling. In addition , the administrators and teachers must provide a safe learning condition where all students have equal educational opportunities and are able to attain success. Ethic demands that educators should show high ethical standards when conveying some information concerning the school or communicating with the peers, students, parents and other party’

To what extent is the employment relationship becoming more Essay

To what extent is the employment relationship becoming more individualistic - Essay Example The collective bargaining is a process in which the terms of the reference for employment would be negotiated jointly on behalf of the group of employees at the time of recruitment (Labor Law Group, 1984)). The trade unions generally represent the employees in defining the terms of reference like wages, working hours, living conditions etc. After the negotiations, a contract will be made which is legally binding on trade unions and employers. The collective bargaining is also viewed as a human right that is to be protected legally as envisaged by the Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The right to bargain collectively through freedom of association was also recognized under Item 2(a) of the International Labor Organizations Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. The collective bargaining was one of the most effective methods of employment in the earlier days which witnessed challenges due to the era of globalization and liberalization. The growth of individual thought and freedom has led to fall of trade unions and individuals started preferring direct contact with the employers. At the same time, the employers too started feeling the inconvenience of trade unions by over interference in company administration and hence they also preferred individual contracts. They give higher emphasis to the human resource development for improving the employee performance. At employee level also, the preference to bargain directly with employers has increased in the recent years due to changes brought by the globalization. Though the concepts of collectivism and individualism is well accepted under working style of organizations, there has been a growing feeling that individualism is increasing among employees day by day. Hence, it is appropriate time to study and analyze the extent to which the employment relationship is becoming

Action Of Enzyme Catalase On Hydrogen Peroxide Lab Report

Action Of Enzyme Catalase On Hydrogen Peroxide - Lab Report Example The student feels that the more the concentration of the liver the more the enzyme that would result since more amount of oxygen would react with the hydrogen peroxide molecules. For accomplishing this, the student has taken five test tubes with the first test tube having twice the suspension as that of the fifth tube expecting that there would be twice the amount of oxygen given off. This seems that the student wants to prove that the amount of oxygen that would be evolved would be directly proportional to the amount of the liver suspension take. Since it cannot be decided in a single experiment the student repeats it three times to observe whether the desired changes have taken place in each experiment or not. The independent variable to be considered here would be the amount of liver suspension and distilled water and the dependent variable would be the amount of oxygen evolved. This experiment deals with quantitative analysis. The overall experiment can be summed up by the following table (Note: Exp indicates experiment) It can be observed that there is a significant variation in the amount of oxygen evolved in the three experiments. The variation can be clearly understood observing the graph below It can be inferred from the graph that there is a gradual decline in the amount of oxygen evolved considering the concentrations of the enzyme. (The x-axis represents experiment and the y-axis represents the amount of oxygen evolved). It is only in the second experiment that the discrepancy arises. It is highly probable that there might have been a replacement of the suspension. It can be clearly understood that there is a direct relationship between the amount of suspension and the amount of oxygen evolved. The experiment is in fact a relatively simple one and can be performed easily if the conditions are ideal. The student has done it appropriately and has a good analytic skill. The prediction is purely based on understanding as it involves mainly quantitative analysis rather than the chemical reaction. The student has opted the right materials for accomplishing this experiment. The only requirement would be to do the experiment under perfect conditions and conduct the experiment singly so as not to confuse with other experiments. The following experiment would boost the above observation Hypothesis: Iftime is increased, then more hydrogen peroxide molecules will be split into water and

Hamlet Lecture 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hamlet Lecture 1 - Essay Example The watchmen sense that there is something of significance in the appearance of the ghost of the late king; therefore they inform Hamlet about it, who immediately decides to find out the purpose of the appearance of his father’s ghost. Claudius announces his marriage to the Queen within two months of Hamlet’s father’s death. He justifies the urgency of his decision by saying that the kingdom is in a war-like state; therefore, he had to take this step in the interest of his people, and to send a strong message to the enemy that they are still strong. â€Å"With mirth in funeral, and with dirge in marriage.† (Shakespeare 1; ii, 12) The language in Hamlet, as in other plays by Shakespeare is used as a tool to create dramatic effects. Symbolism and imagery play a very important role in narrating the dramatic effects and characterization. The purpose of speech or dialogue is not only to express inner feelings but to draw a live and vivid picture in the minds of the readers or the audience about the characters and the plot of the play. When Hamlet awaits the ghost of his father, he proclaims: â€Å"The air bites shrewdly; it is very cold.† (1; iv, 1) The ghost commands him to take revenge of his murder from his uncle, Claudius the king. He also instructs Hamlet not to harm his mother, and let Fate deal with her. Hamlet promises the ghost of his father: â€Å"Haste me to know't, that I, with wings as swift / As meditation or the thoughts of love, / May sweep to my revenge.† (35) This is a very important pledge of Hamlet upon which his life and the purpose of his life depend. Unfortunately, failure to fulfil his promise on time will lead to his tragic death. As the play shall progress, we shall see that there is an internal war being waged in the mind and soul of Hamlet. However, he could not decide how to go about things and delays the matter. During the course of procrastination, he delves deeper and deeper into madness. His madness has actually resulted from rage, disbelief, sorrow, melancholy, and his inability to take action. He wants to die and put an end to his life; he realizes that Fate has put him in a very complex situation by assigning the responsibility of avenging his father. He finds it extremely difficult to decide the course of his actions and keeps on delaying his decision. His soliloquies are a manifestation of his melancholy, despair and philosophical nature. â€Å"O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right!† (1; v, 209-210) The dialogues between the King, the Queen and Hamlet are full of under tones. Hamlet is sarcastic- â€Å"Good mother† means just the opposite. He is the only person who has not recovered from the death of this father. The grief is obvious in his appearance. The concept of â€Å"play within play† is introduced in this scene; as Hamlet says to his mother: â€Å"These indeed seem, / For these are actions that a man might play.† (1; ii, 86-87) Hamlet is gradually descending in the state of madness. He has started doubting his relationship with Ophelia and even his friends sense that he has lately not been himself. â€Å"And yet to me what is this quintessence/ of dust? Man delights not me—no, nor woman neither.† (II;ii, 312-313). Hamlet is also highly aware of the voice of conscience. He plans to stage a play depicting the characters of his mother, his father and Claudius. He does so in order to awaken the conscience of his uncle and is quite successful in it because Claudius gets deeply

The book lord of the rings are directed towards demographic for Essay

The book lord of the rings are directed towards demographic for children that believe in fantasy, in the other hand lord of the rings in the movies are action filled and more for adults - Essay Example .R.R Tolkien’s novel called â€Å"Tolkien Gateway† had described the book, Lord of the Ring, and corrected about the misconception of its being a trilogy: J.R.R. Tolkiens epic high-fantasy work The Lord of the Rings. Although widely mistaken as a trilogy or series, it is only one book, although usually published in three separate volumes. The original publishers split it into three parts because they felt that no-one would want, or be able to afford, to purchase a volume as large as the one Tolkien had written. However, some editions have since een published as a single book, the way the author intended. Picking up a few decades after The Hobbit left off, The Lord of the Rings seems to presuppose that the reader is already familiar with the previous book – its opening sentence leaps straight into a description of Bilbo Baggins 111th birthday party preparations, without bothering to introduce the character (Bilbo was the main character for The Hobbit). However, it is quite easy to get into the swing of the books, as they introduce all the other characters well. The sequel picks up on what was only a minor prop, Gollums Ring, in The Hobbit, and reveals it to be an object of enormous power and evil, the One Ring itself, forged by the Dark Lord Sauron. Although the book has many plot threads, the primary one follows the journey of Frodo Baggins, Bilbos nephew, as he and his companions attempt to destroy the Ring. (Tolkien Gateway 2011) Director, Peter Jackson fulfills his lifelong dream of transforming author J.R.R. Tolkiens best-selling fantasy epic into a three-part motion picture that begins with this holiday 2001 release. Elijah Wood stars as Frodo Baggins, a Hobbit resident of the medieval "Middle-earth" who discovers that a ring bequeathed to him by beloved relative and benefactor Bilbo (Ian Holm) is in fact the "One Ring," a device that will allow its master to manipulate dark powers and enslave the world. Frodo is charged by the wizard Gandalf (Ian

Hamlet Lecture 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hamlet Lecture 1 - Essay Example The watchmen sense that there is something of significance in the appearance of the ghost of the late king; therefore they inform Hamlet about it, who immediately decides to find out the purpose of the appearance of his father’s ghost. Claudius announces his marriage to the Queen within two months of Hamlet’s father’s death. He justifies the urgency of his decision by saying that the kingdom is in a war-like state; therefore, he had to take this step in the interest of his people, and to send a strong message to the enemy that they are still strong. â€Å"With mirth in funeral, and with dirge in marriage.† (Shakespeare 1; ii, 12) The language in Hamlet, as in other plays by Shakespeare is used as a tool to create dramatic effects. Symbolism and imagery play a very important role in narrating the dramatic effects and characterization. The purpose of speech or dialogue is not only to express inner feelings but to draw a live and vivid picture in the minds of the readers or the audience about the characters and the plot of the play. When Hamlet awaits the ghost of his father, he proclaims: â€Å"The air bites shrewdly; it is very cold.† (1; iv, 1) The ghost commands him to take revenge of his murder from his uncle, Claudius the king. He also instructs Hamlet not to harm his mother, and let Fate deal with her. Hamlet promises the ghost of his father: â€Å"Haste me to know't, that I, with wings as swift / As meditation or the thoughts of love, / May sweep to my revenge.† (35) This is a very important pledge of Hamlet upon which his life and the purpose of his life depend. Unfortunately, failure to fulfil his promise on time will lead to his tragic death. As the play shall progress, we shall see that there is an internal war being waged in the mind and soul of Hamlet. However, he could not decide how to go about things and delays the matter. During the course of procrastination, he delves deeper and deeper into madness. His madness has actually resulted from rage, disbelief, sorrow, melancholy, and his inability to take action. He wants to die and put an end to his life; he realizes that Fate has put him in a very complex situation by assigning the responsibility of avenging his father. He finds it extremely difficult to decide the course of his actions and keeps on delaying his decision. His soliloquies are a manifestation of his melancholy, despair and philosophical nature. â€Å"O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right!† (1; v, 209-210) The dialogues between the King, the Queen and Hamlet are full of under tones. Hamlet is sarcastic- â€Å"Good mother† means just the opposite. He is the only person who has not recovered from the death of this father. The grief is obvious in his appearance. The concept of â€Å"play within play† is introduced in this scene; as Hamlet says to his mother: â€Å"These indeed seem, / For these are actions that a man might play.† (1; ii, 86-87) Hamlet is gradually descending in the state of madness. He has started doubting his relationship with Ophelia and even his friends sense that he has lately not been himself. â€Å"And yet to me what is this quintessence/ of dust? Man delights not me—no, nor woman neither.† (II;ii, 312-313). Hamlet is also highly aware of the voice of conscience. He plans to stage a play depicting the characters of his mother, his father and Claudius. He does so in order to awaken the conscience of his uncle and is quite successful in it because Claudius gets deeply

HR Performance Issues and Motivation Research Paper

HR Performance Issues and Motivation - Research Paper Example Motivation is also said to have a persistence dimension which is concerned with the maintainability of efforts by individuals for a considerable period of time. Intensity is considered as the main element from the motivational perspective. This is what people indicate when they talk about motivation. However, high intensity is not considered as the only important factor from the view point of motivation. In this regard, it can be said that the intensity as well as the quality of effort goes a long way in determining the right kind of efforts that are consistent with the goals of an organization. The maintainability of right kind of efforts by individuals for a considerable period of time is also an important factor from motivational perspective (Long, 2012). Individuals who are considered as motivated stay involved with their tasks for a considerable period of time to achieve their goals. Research methodology can be categorized into two parts, such as qualitative research methodology and quantitative research methodology. Generally qualitative research methodology used to deal with inner feelings, emotions, attitudes, gestures, thoughts and behaviors of people towards the research topic. On the other hand, quantitative research objective used to deal with the analysis and evaluation of sourced and gathered data and information. This particular research work is exploratory in nature in which the feelings, opinions, thoughts, behaviors and attitudes of people can be considered as the source of data and information. On the other hand, qualitative research deals with the feelings, emotion, views and thoughts of people. Therefore, it can be stated that the adoption and implementation of qualitative research will be effective in this research due to the exploratory nature of the study. It is a fact that the qualitative research methodology focuses on describing the system or the process of defining and measuring several important

Critique Of Difficulties For Students Studying Abroad English Language Essay

Critique Of Difficulties For Students Studying Abroad English Language Essay Introduction The article, Cultural Variations: Difficulties for Students Studying Abroad, was written by Ballard and Clandchy, in 1984. The authors describe three kinds of difficulties which students studying abroad have to face, different styles of thinking, learning, writing and presenting ideas. They also point out that if overseas students want to have a good studying and living condition, they must try to change their thinking, learning and writing style into critical and analytical approach in order to adjust to the western country. Generally the viewpoints are good, but there are some weaknesses about examples which should be re-evaluated. Summary To the first question-different style of thinking, the authors observe that culture variation lead students with different context think for different purposes. This phenomenon is not only for the different languages, but also culture background. An example about a Japanese student studying at Australia is given to support this view. He was a good student who had studied Economics for two years in Tokyo before coming to Australia. However he even could not pass the exam and mistook the meaning of his essay question because of different thinking style. When he was able to see the problem and adapted to the Australian thinking pattern, he became a promising student again. The authors second main point is different styles of learning. They present three kinds of learning method: reproductive approach, analytical approach and speculative approach. Different students from different culture background are used to their own ways of learning. When they come to a new academic environment, it is hard for them to develop a critical and hypothesising attitude towards tasks. A Singapore undergraduate, a Japanese MA student and an Indian PhD students comments proved that the variety of learning style make them unfit. An Indonesian postgraduate also suffered with the studying problem when she moved to Western university. Once she switched her thinking and learning approach and began to ask questions, she was successful. Moving on to the third style main pointstyle of writing and presenting ideas, the authors refer to Kaplans research. He argues that there are five independent patterns for writing: English pattern, Romance and Russian pattern, Semitic pattern and Oriental pattern (cited in Kaplan). Each pattern has its own characteristic. For example, English pattern is a linear one, moving from main opinions directly to examples, which is totally different from Oriental pattern, indirectly, circling round the main ideas for avoiding making an ultimate conclusion. Critique In the article, Ballard and Clanchy point out that Asian student should exert critical thinking to adjust to the Western learning system. Though the authors viewpoints were raised in 1984, I agree with it to a large degree. But there is no example about Chinese students in the article and many examples are not powerful enough to support their view. Overseas students lack critical thinking, even today Though the article was written in 1984, generally its views are good, many of which are still valid today. Back to Chinese traditional culture, the thinking and learning style are different from that of western countries. In China, we were used to absorb what teacher said, and never doubted whether it was right or not. Because in our eyes, teachers duty is to preach, teach and disabuse, so they must be exactly right (Patrick Huang, 2009). If someone is doubtful of teachers words or theories on the book, he will be regarded as not respecting teachers or crazy. When I came to the UK, what I felt on the lectures made me to recognise the learning style is different from China. Whenever, British students feel a question got them, they would put up their hands, though in my mind, the question was easy. On the lectures, it is can be often heard from a teacher: Are you all happy with that? It is the time that the teacher wants to get some feedbacks from his students, whether they understand his lecture or not. Most of the time, some British student will shout out what make him confused. But to our Chinese, though the question is really hard, we would read some reference books rather than to raise it up on the lecture, because there is a high-self-esteem ideology in our mind. I will feel shame if all of the other classmates understand the question, but me. Examples are not powerful enough As mentioned above, the authors ideas are generally good, but the examples used in the article are not convincing evidence to function as the authors expect. Firstly, the examples in the article are not enough in quantity and quality. In my opinion, a questionnaire about whether different culture context have different learning style and comparison between Asian students and Australian students should be done in Ballard and Clanchys investigation. An example like Biemans and Mil raised in their research is expected: 25 Chinese students and 16 Dutch students were divided into two groups respectively. Most Chinese students have the characteristics that reflect a reproduction-directed and an undirected learning style, while the Dutch students as a group do not demonstrate any one particular learning style (Biemans and Mil, 2008). In addition, the evidence is not relevant to Chinese students. According to Ku at el, the most common difficulties For Chinese students are associated with language ability, academic performance, and social adjustment (Ku at el. 2001). It is thus clear, besides critical thinking and learning strategy, language ability is another obstacle which limits Chinese students progress. Another weakness is the analysis Ballard and Clanchys did is not deep going. To the Chinese style of learning, it must be retrospect to the fundamental education for children. I have read a funny story about a Chinese couple, taking 3 year-old son, visited their American friends who had 3 children. When these children played the building block, the Chinese child often asked his mother to help him, while these American children never did that. Oppositely they were happy to help their new friends solve the problem. At dinner, these American children were happy to see the guests using chopsticks, so they copied the actions to eat food. Whereas the Chinese kid did not want to eat by himself, just shouting: mom feed me, mom feed me The Chinese lady had no choice but feed him. It is an example in our daily life, yet we can get more information and think deeply rather than the superficial meanings. Sometimes we consider kindergarten or primary school is where fundamental education begins. W ell actually parent is childrens first teacher whose teaching style effects initiatory learning style of the kids. In my opinion, most Chinese parents like to teach their children hand by hand. Just like my parents, when I was young, they checked up my homework every day and told me to remember the equations or formulae time after time. Western country parents will not do that, because they think that is the teachers work. They just tell the children to learn by themselves. So when children step in schools, they would be used to the ways of learning from their parents. And also the teachers, under different culture context, teach their students with different ways. These factors lead students to form the habit of how to learn and not adapt to other style of learning. Just like the authors mentioned, we cannot say which learning method is superior to the others. Reproductive style lay emphasis on memorisation and imitation, which, I think, is suitable for primary schools study, not for high school or university, because it prepares students for bigger tasks ahead. But when they go to study abroad, normally western countries, the speculative style of learning, such as, group discussion, questionnaire, makes them uncomfortable. Otherwise, with the combination of eastern and western culture, more and more universities of the eastern countries have begun to attach importance to analytical and speculative learning style and encourage students to ask questions. Conclusion When a western university takes over an overseas student, I think, his marks and English level must be both good enough. Maybe only the way of learning and thinking is different from that he acquired in his country. What he needs to do first is to learn how to ask questions. Never be shy! And then try to use critical and analytical views to do the different tasks. When he breaks through these main points, everything will go well. He can prove he is excellent both in his country and abroad.

Ancient Astronomy Essay -- science

Ancient Astronomy Astronomy has been a source for myriad ideas influencing every subject. The stars have existed since the dawn of man. People have looked to the universe to determine physical location, gain spiritual direction and to track time. Many early scientists used astronomy to make careers for themselves and print their names in all the history books of time. Since the beginning of time, the stars and all of the heavens have been used not only as a tool to aid in basic living but also to reveal new and undiscovered things about the time and world people lived in. The times leading up to the 17th Century were filled with many discoveries not only in astronomy but also in mathematics and science. These discoveries lead to many uses from the learned knowledge of these newfound discoveries. The view of the universe at the time of the 17th Century was referred to as the Ptolemaic system. They also believed that all things around the earth were perfect and unchanging. Another popular theory at the time was the Copernican system. This is where the sun is the center, rather than the sun. One of the main scientists during the 17th Century was Galileo. He believed in the Copernican system. When Galileo pointed his telescope to the sky, he made many discoveries that confirmed the Copernican system. One thing he found was that the moon was not a perfect sphere as thought of in the Ptolemaic system; it had craters and mountains not visible to the human eye. Another d...

Essay --

In this research paper we will introduce both cases that are related to the males that who are being harassed by females in the workplace. Complaints by men of women harassing them are much fewer because that men who feel powerless or fear for their job security. Case I: The Regal Entertainment Group is to pay $175,000 and other remedial relief to a sex charge discrimination lawsuit brought by the U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The firm was accused with subjecting a male employee to sexual harassment. The company was later to act against him and the supervisor who had tried to intervene. The EEOC had alleged that a male employee at the Regal theater had been subjected to a sexually hostile environment by a female co-worker who repeatedly grabbed his crotch. The EEOC alleged that when the then-general manager was informed of the incident by the supervisor she retaliated and failed to take the necessary measures to prevent or stop the harassment. It was held that sexual harassment and retaliation for complaining violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964. Be...

What Are Some Issues Managers Face When Leading a Diverse Workforce

What are some issues managers face when leading a diverse workforce? How can he/she overcome these issues? Most people, when they think of diversity they will automatically gravitate to the common four, which are race, creed, color and religion. However diversity takes on many different forms such as married or single, parents or single parent, educated or not, or even veteran or never served. So to go beyond the common four one would have to think we are always encountering diversity when we are out in the public.Everyone has the stereotyped stories about walking into 7-11 and finding the persons from India or some form of Muslim background Believe it or not, we face diversity as soon as we go into the public. We run into people from different countries, religions, beliefs and color. So to put that as a topic of a problem, in my opinion, is way over stated. Only ignorance can cause problems when dealing with diversities.I have to believe that we as a country have swung the pendulum too far in the sensitive direction that we make it almost impossible to function. I have to believe that if everyone treats everyone with respect then it’s really not a problem. On that same note; if someone is offended by someone then it’s absolutely up to that person to say something in private to that person and give them the chance to learn that what they have said or done has offended someone else.So managers need to be aware of diversity and also provide some guidance for the ignorant employees that may simply not know any better. So the bottom line, educating your people to be aware that not everyone grows from the same tree or has the same beliefs and I have to believe that it will work itself out. ? University of California, San Fransisco. Guide to Managing Human Resources; Chapter 12: Managing Diversity in the Workplace. http://ucsfhr. ucsf. edu/index. php/pubs/hrguidearticle/chapter-12-managing-diversity-in-the-workplace/

Strategic Aims and Objectives for Businesses

Setting up strategic aims and objectives is very helpful for the business, so that they will be able to measure their progress towards their stated goals for a particular business period of time. Aims indicate where the business wants to be in the future, whereas objectives set a clearly defined target for the business. For Merlin Entertainment business, their aim and objective is to be one of the leading entertainments in the world; just like what others aim to be. This aim can then be broken down into objectives. Their objective is to give the people the good service with a very low cost; to increase sales and at the same time meet the customers’ satisfaction. In business, a good set of objectives should be SMART:Specific – the objective must be clearly stated and focused. Measurable – in order for thee business to see how it is performing against its objectives, it needs to be able to quantify its performance. Achievable – for an objective to be useful, it needs to be something that the business is in a position to achieve. Realistic – it is no good for a business to set itself unrealistic goals because it will inevitably fail; this is bad for morale, and worse for share prices. Time-related – the objectives must be related to a timescale, otherwise there will be no real impetus behind the objective and measurements of the performance will be unreliable.For Merlin Entertainment, their objective is specific, being one of the leading entertainments in the world, it is easy to understand and everyone can tell that they have been successful in achieving it since in the beginning. Their objective is also measurable, within the period of time the growth of the number of people going to the Thorpe Park can said to be increasing as the year goes by, even when the year of the recession. There you can tell that it is progressing and is so close to their objective.Objective is achievable, many people already know about it and t hey enjoy going there. It is not impossible to achieve their objective to be the world’s leading entertainment since they provide good service and satisfactory. It is also realistic, it is already happening and everyone can tell that they are close in achieving their objectives. Being the best entertainment in the world can  be real if they continue to perform good services to the people and they maintain their good reputation. And lastly, the objective must be time-related, they should take into consideration that a deadline is also included so to make the objective measurable. That is the reason why the Merlin Entertainment has a clear understanding of their objectives to be aware of their roles and responsibilities in achieving them.

Fashion Channel Essay

Analysis Following Rosewood through this case study we have seen the company come to a crossroads. The company had to redefine itself to stay relevant in an evolving space. Rosewood had a reputation for managing uniquely distinctive properties without widespread corporate brand name awareness. Each individual property enjoyed vast success in particular from repeat guests who mostly stayed at only one of their distinctive properties in their growing portfolio. Now the company is looking to the future and specifically evaluating whether or not to incorporate the Rosewood brand into the name of each hotel. Rosewood’s senior management is engaging several tools to make their decision. Implementing this new strategy could lead to a bright future or spell disaster. Pros and cons of Rosewood moving to a corporate brand What is branding? According to Entrepreneur magazine â€Å"The marketing practice of creating a name, symbol or design that identifies and differentiates a product from other products.† Creating a corporate brand can come with positive and negatives. Rosewood’s objective will be to leave an imprint that no one else can leave and to create magic moments that their guests will never forget. Such as when the guest goes down memory lane years later after their stay, they will recall the positively outrageous service, the amenities, the food and the atmosphere created by Rosewood. No other hotel will duplicate what they experienced at their properties. Another positive to branding, Rosewood will create standards to measure the overall performance of all their properties. Such as curb appeal, beautiful landscaping, manicured green grass, flowers in season, to beautiful shrubs and trees. Additionally, as the guest arrives the people become part of the standard set, from the doorman, to the desk clerk, to the bellman, to housekeeping, to the engineering team that keeps the building and room temperature comfortable. This is where Rosewood can benefit from differentiation and drive performance. For that reason Jack Welch states in a World Press article, â€Å"Companies win when their managers make a clear and meaningful distinction between top- and bottom-performing businesses and people, when they cultivate the strong and cull the weak†. Some of Rosewood’s property managers, as mentioned in Harvard Business Review:  Rosewood Hotels and Resorts: Branding to increase customer profitability and lifetime value, many had â€Å"mixed feelings† about moving to a corporate brand. When you are measured against other hotels there is only so much room at the top. Naturally, there will some managers that will be asked to â€Å"ship up or ship out†. Thus, the upside is each hotel pushes each other to be the best they can be. Finally, the guest could anticipate what experience they will have at each Rosewood if they moved to a uniform brand. On the other hand, the down side or cons of moving to a uniform brand for Rosewood could be that data gathered from properties could be skewed or demographic information could not apply to all hotels across the brand. According to Phillip Kotler in A Framework for Marketing and Management â€Å"The data collection phase of marketing research is generally the most expensive and the most prone to error† (p.39). Also, some management after differentiation is established and measured could be dismissed if their hotel is at the bottom. Finally, another con could be that some management and employees are not good team players and are not able to uphold the standards charted by management. Customer Lifetime Value Calculator Using a tool like the Customer Lifetime value calculator can be helpful to Rosewood management as they crunch the numbers. This tool helps management take quantitative information and funnel it down to several outcomes. However, garbage in garbage out must be considered here. The CLTV is only as good as the information provided. If one Rosewood hotel provides flawed information or has not collected the data properly, the assumptions arrived to by the CLTV are not accurate. Perhaps as JWMI 518 W2, L2 states â€Å"The best approach is often to make use of both qualitative and quantitative research†. This approach considers the ever changing market conditions, tangibles and intangibles contained within qualitative and quantitative research. They are both valuable and have their place. Finally, within all the data and assumptions gained from the CLTV, there is one factor not considered. The relationship factor. In order to carry out the legendary service brand Rosewood wants to create, the most critical factor the team should be focused on is building relationships. The data, the CLTV, the amenities and a uniform brand all revolves around the staff building meaningful relationships with the guests. The standardized expectation of  how the guests are served is the most important ingredient and the CLTV does not factor this into the equation. According to INC Magazine, â€Å"The truth is that entrepreneurs too often get caught up in the details of the kinds of products or services they are selling to notice how critical it is to build relationships not just with your customers, but also with your vendors, employees and–gasp–even your competitors. â€Å"Without strong relationships, it is impossible to have success as a business owner, Recommendation My recommendation is that Rosewood should move to branding their hotels using the Rosewood brand immediately. Without setting standard foundations the guest will not know what to anticipate. Rosewood could use standardized data to help anticipate the needs of the guest before they even asked. Also, creating a uniform brand will help everyone come together as one team. When you are a consummate team player you elevate the performance of everyone around them and then there is no limit to what you can do as a team. When Rosewood has everyone on the same page going in the same direction they can create a wow factor the guest will be telling the world about. To most of the world, getting good service is common versus giving positively outrageous service is uncommon. Having a satisfied customer is common versus taking that satisfied customer exceeding his or her expectations and then taking the service one percent beyond that now Rosewood can create a raving fan that is uncommon. References Entrepreneur Magazine, (2013) http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/branding Harvard Business Publishing, (2007), Rosewood Hotels and Resorts: Branding to increase customer profitability and lifetime value, P. 5 INC. (2013) http://www.inc.com/guides/201101/how-to-build-better-business-relationships.html Kotler, Chapter 3: Collecting Information and Forecasting Demand, P.39 World Press, (2012) http://frrl.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/jack-welch-on-differentiation-or-making-winners-out-of-everyone/

Zara Case report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Zara Case report - Essay Example Porter’s Five Force analysis emphasizes that market trends of apparel and fashion industry are comparable to certain other industries and going to be more challenging in near future. The report critically explains the supply chain research as one of the strongest point of Zara; because it’s flexible structure entertains the primary activities to be executed smoothly. Primary supporting activities like human resource management, procurement, and research and development departments play a key role in formulating business and corporate level strategies. This case study highlights that Zara’s success is based on its low cost and product differentiation strategy. It further suggests that hybrid strategy could be more effectual for the company as it reduces the production cost of high quality products. The report also explains the two sad incidents which took place in recent years and have left a negative mark on the reputation of Zara. At the end of the case study, f ew suggestions are briefly presented for the further growth or expansion of the company. The reports also elaborates few techniques i.e. how to implement the internationalization strategy of Zara. In the context of Zara’s global expansion, few steps of corporate level strategy are discussed. By adopting these techniques, Zara can make maximize its speedy growth with respect to different regions. Table of Contents Contents Page No EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 02 1. INTRODUCTION 05 Question – 1: MACRO LEVEL ANALYSIS 06 2.1 PESTEL Analysis 06 2.1.1 Political Factors 06 2.1.2 Economic Factors 06 2.1.3 Social Factors 07 2.1.4 Technological Factors 08 2.1.5 Environmental Factors 08 2.1.6 Legal Factors 08 2.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 08 2.2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Moderate 09 2.2.2 Bargaining Power of Consumers: Moderate 09 2.2.3 Competition among Existing Rivals: High 09 2.2.4 Threat of New Entrants: Low 10 2.2.5 Threat of Substitutes: Low 10 Question – 2: ZARA VAL UE CHAIN 11 3.1 Primary Activities 11 3.1.1 Design 11 3.1.2 Production 12 3.1.3 Logistics 12 3.1.4 Marketing 12 3.1.5 Store Operations 12 3.2 Supporting Activities 12 3.2.1 Company infrastructure 12 3.2.2 Human Resource Management 13 3.2.3 Technology / Research and Development 13 3.2.4 Procurement 14 3.2.5 Cost Factor 14 Question – 3: ANALYSIS OF PR CRISIS 15 4.1 Sweatshops 15 4.2 Shop-staff Abused 16 Question – 4: STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 17 5.1 Zara Business Strategies 17 5.1.1 Low Cost Strategy 17 5.1.2 Product Differentiation Strategy 18 5.2 Zara Corporate Strategy 18 5.2.1 Market Growth 18 5.2.2 Diversification 19 5.2.3 Vertical Integration 19 5.2.4 Product and Market Development 19 5.3 Recommendations for Future Strategies 20 5.3.1 Hybrid Strategy 20 5.3.2 Growth Strategy 20 5.3.3 Online Retailing 21 5.4 Techniques to Implement Recommended 21 Strategies 5.4.1 Owned Subsidiary 21 5.4.2 Joint Venture 22 5.4.3 Franchising 22 CONCLUSION 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 1. INTRODUCTION Z ara is one of the leading apparel and fashion retail companies which is based at Artexio, Galicia in Spain. It was established in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Roselia Mera. The company is characterized by its massive infrastructure (almost 1750 stores in more than 90 countries) and flexible internal environment. Zara is beautifully decorated with vertical integration system within the organization which is helpful in designing, manufacturing, transportation, and distribution of the products to the markets. The system has enabled the company to be less dependent on

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW - Essay Example In order to give Dicky proper legal advice, it would be in order to understand the exact terms and conditions that his employment or engagement with Smythe and Dickinson stated. The importance of this contractual agreement would be to know if Dicky’s terms of employment terms provision spelled out agreements on whether the company was either the sole owner or joint owner of any work produced in course of employment (Sumpter 2006, p.77).. This is because section 11 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act states the criteria for ascertaining the ownership of any copyright material and provides that any work produced in the course of employment belong to the employer who is deemed as the first owner. In the event that there are no such terms or regulations, Dicky will be perfectly be in a right position to fully own the work. Under the copyright laws in England, there are certain qualifications that one has to fulfil before they are fully covered or protected by the law on copy right. First, a person must be a citizen of Britain based on the qualifications that are set by the British Nationality Act 1981 (Ross 2008, p.46). The other requirement is originality, it has to be ascertained that without doubt the work (Valuation Guidelnes) was his (Dicky’s) own expression of ideas and invention to be the first owner under Copyright, Designs and Patents Act S.11(1). This is of interest, as it will help in understanding the actual position of the nature of the legal position from which the company is claiming rights. Dicky can argue that the company has no copyrights over any of his productions when he undertakes it independently even if employed by Smythe and Dickinson. The other requirement to gain copyright is fixation, as was held in the Merchandising Corp v Harpbond (1983), for instance the work has to be in a material form of which the valuation guidelines are in print and Dicky’s Antiques is in a DVD. Having ascertained Dickys terms of employm ent, citizenship, fixation and originality such that the Valuation Guidelines were his creative creation work; Dicky should understand the rights that a copyright holder have in relation to that particular original idea, which is automatic in UK upon meeting copyright requirements. Section 16 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act gives the copyright holder the right to copy the work and issue it to the public as well as broadcasting the work in a cable service program (McCombs 2011, p.21). All copyrighted material must possess originality as proposed in the case of University of London Press v University Tutorial Press (1916) 2 CH 601. This case discussed the doctrine known as sweat of the brow doctrine and if the word â€Å"original† is taken to refer to the originality of an expression for a certain piece of work to gain copyright protection (Harms 2008, p.133). The concept of originality tries to evaluate the relationship between the author of a particular piece of wor k and his work and is essential for a piece of work to gain copyright protection in England. This is expressly provided for under Section 1(1) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, s.1(1) and involves judicial reasoning and logic in the solution of cases. In order for Dicky to succeed in his defence, he must

Peope and organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peope and organization - Assignment Example This person was so friendly and he was accommodative to his entire subordinates. We could freely interact with him and always encouraged us to share our ideas and views in situations we felt that some changes should be made. Unlike other managers, this person used the open door approach where any person could approach him if he or she had a problem. The main difference between the two workers is that the first one inhibited learning in the company while the second one promoted it. the success of a company can be attributed to learning where employees can freely share their ideas and views. The management style used by the second employee was accommodative while the first co worker was authoritative in nature. 2. The ethical dilemma I encountered at school was related to the issue of using other people’s work as mine. The assignment I was working on was quite challenging and I was tempted to use my friend’s previous assignment. I intended to change a few things but I was fully aware that academic dishonesty is a serious offence. This was a crucial paper in my academic career so I had to make every effort to get the much needed pass. However, I used the decision tree to make a decision to solve this ethical dilemma. First and foremost, I realised that it was illegal to use other people’s work as yours. I also realised the repercussions of academic dishonesty and I decided not to take the action I wanted to take in the first place. Indeed, I could succeed but I felt guilty for taking that particular action. Sometimes we commit crimes unknowingly but this still will be an offence since ignorance cannot be defence. I learnt that one should first analyse the situation before taking action since this may impact on the outcome of thet action. In some cases, it is very wise to do the right thing using the right method. There are serious implications for practicing activities that are deemed as illegal. This can negatively impact on one’s academic career